He has left behind a story, prevalent in magadha, the seat of maurya power, regarding the origin of the pandya dynasty. Pandya kingdom was well known to greeks and romans for its pearl trade. The kings of the three dynasties were referred to as the three crowned kings of tamilakam. Early pandyan kingdom news newspapers books scholar jstor january 2019 learn how and when to remove this. The pandyan kingdom was an ancient tamil state in south india of unknown antiquity. South indian history and ancient tamil literature a history of travancore from the earliest times by p. The siege of madurai kindle edition by venketesh, r download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Of all these states which arose out of the ruins of the gupta kingdom, that of valabhi proved to be the most durable. By the time the reformed church mission became a part of the church of south india, it was one of the most heavily institutionalized churches in the nation, supporting agricultural and industrial efforts, one of indias leading hospitals, and numerous. The pandyan kingdom, from the earliest times to the sixteenth century by k. The pandyan kingdom was also independent during the mauryan rule of northern india, and had friendly ties with them.
Nilakanta sastri the pandyan kingdom, from the earliest times to the sixteenth century book. The pandyan dynasty the open book education videos youtube. Puran anooru 57 poem mentions that a pandya vantan besieged the port of mucirimuziris. The early pandyan dynasty of the sangam literature went into obscurity during the invation of the kalabhras.
The pandyan kingdom, from the earliest times to the sixteenth century book. Discovery of ancient ring and overview of pandyan dynasty. The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one. The age of cheran palyanai selkezhu kuttuvan, cholan perumpoon chenni and pandyan ollaiyar bhoodhappandyan. Had korkai, thirunelveli and madurai as their capital. By far, the most important source of ancient tamil history is the corpus of tamil poems, referred to as sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the prechristian era to the early centuries of the christian era.
The language grew leaps and bounds during their reign. The seafaring cholas were among the most ambitious and successful of these kingdoms, with rajendra chola i extending his kingdom as far as. The nanda dynasty ruled in northern part of the indian subcontinent during the 4th century bce, and possibly during the 5th century bce. The pandyan kingdom finally became extinct after the establishment of the madurai sultanate in the 16th century.
Korkai, a seaport on the southernmost tip of india was initially their capital, but then later the capital was moved to madurai. This means that the pandyan kingdom extended up to the river periyar at that time. It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets. Shungoonny menon in 1858 the history of travancore the southernmost part of india is buried in obscurity because of a non existent documentation. Their capital was known by the name kalinganagar, which is the modern srimukhalingam in srikakulam district of andhra pradesh. The pandyan dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty of south india, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera.
Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. Inscriptions of 12th century mentions that the title ariyacakravarti was a title earned in the military service under the pandyan kingdom, the title is frequently referenced in the inscription of maravarman kulasekaran in ramanthapuram. The political history of ancient south india has occupied its own significance and it helps us to reconstruct the history of south india with the help of inscriptions, coins, copper plates, engravings etc. In mahabharata, the pandya kings were allies of the pandavas. Eastern ganga dynasty project gutenberg selfpublishing. Lets have a deeper insight about both the dynasties. Pandya dynasty ruled over the southern india from 3rd century bc to 17th century ce. The early pandyans ruled parts of southern india from at least 4th century bce. They are villavars belonging to the villavar meenavar stock who founded pandyan and chera kingdoms in the prehistory. If not in history books, here is a chance to read of the maritime king. Having their headquarters at madurai they were a powerful force to.
In maurya period, the pandya kingdom was independent. Nadars or nadalvar or mara nadalvar were the ancient titles of shanars. King, who ruled from the chola kingdom, is praised in this book as. The pandyan empire was established by the emperor kadungon in the sixth century. Book one on tamil alphabet, book two on tamil vocabulary and book three on subject matter dealing with the life and times of that period. Which books should i read to know more about south indian history. Is the pandya dynasty an off shoot of the alupa dynasty. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas. Pandya dynasty dynasties of ancient india history for. After subjugating the hoysalas, malik kafur invaded the pandya kingdom called mabar in muslim chronicles in presentday tamil nadu, taking advantage of a war of succession between the pandya brothers vira and sundara during marchapril 11. One of the pandya kings had sent an embassy to augustus caesar. Thus the title ariyacakravarti seems to fit the structure of similarly used titles across the pandyan kingdom. Marco polo made mention of the pandyan kingdom as one of the richest he had ever seen, as did megasthenes in his work the indika, and the chinese traveller yu huan. The early pandyas of the sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the ancient.
In the nineteenth century the scudders went to india with the avowed intention to confine their efforts to evangelistic preaching. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history. The dynasty revived under kadungon in the early 6th century, pushed the kalabhras out of the tamil country and ruled from madurai. Malik kafurs invasion of the pandya kingdom wikipedia. Ancient sources differ considerably regarding the names of the nanda kings, and the. The nandas overthrew the shaishunaga dynasty in the magadha region of eastern india, and expanded their empire to include a larger part of northern india. There are 4 kingdom in tamil nadu mentioned in the ashoka pillar in 260 bce, which is one of the oldest verifiable document about tamil rulers. Vaiyapuripillais history of tamil language and literature. Pandyan was well known since ancient times, with contacts, even diplomatic, reaching the roman empire. This interactive animation explains about administrative system and society of the pandyas. The literary records also help us to better understand the political history, prevailing during the times of particular ruler. However, the pandya empire was a dynasty, which finds its place in sangam literature, and later sources show their rule till 15th century ad.
The pandya dynasty, also known as the pandyas of madurai, was a dynasty of south india, one of the three ethnically tamil lineages, the other two being the chola and the chera. The th century is the greatest period in the history of the pandyan empire. The pandyan kingdom finally became extinct after the establishment of the madurai sultanate in the 14th century. Kingdoms of south india one of the three ancient kingdoms in the south of india was the pandyan kingdom who ruled over tamil nadu until the end of the fifteenth century. Meenakshi thirukalyanam at madurai happened on 20 february. The earliest datable references to the chola 2 3 4 are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. Pandya dynasty the reader wiki, reader view of wikipedia. Discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that. The megasthenes story megasthenes was the ambassador of seleukos nikator to the court of chandragupta maurya and had knowledge of the pandyan kingdom to the south.
Pandya dynasty pdf the pandyan or pandiyan or pandian dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties, the other two being the chola and the chera. An internal crisis in the pandya empire coincided with the khalji invasion of. The pandyan kingdom, from the earliest times to the. Half of the stocks of rice inside the temple premises were carried away by the kafur army. The pandyan kingdom was an ancient tamil state in south india of unknown. Pandyan possibly the longest reigning dynasty in india55, the pandyan dynasty was founded before 300 bce and continued to rule on till 1700 ce with some interregnums.
The eastern ganga dynasty reigned from kalinga and their rule consisted of the whole of the modernday indian state of odisha as well as parts of west bengal, andhra pradesh and chhattisgarh from the 11th century to the early 15th century. No continuous history of the pandya kings prior to 12th century ad has been clearly written. The book tells the story of veera pandyan and madurai on the one side and. This book is a historical fiction and deals with the history of madurai. The much quoted akan anooru poem 149 mentions that the well build crafts of the yavanas or yona came on the periyar.
The pandyan empire is at its peak, its enemies subdued and its people at peace. The pandyan dynasty the open book education videos. The siege of madurai is the story of the pandyan kingdom which ruled over the southern tract of india, their tryst with malik kafur, the eunuchslavegeneral of alauddin khilji, and the subsequent sacking of the madurai meenakshi temple. They controlled the pearl fisheries along the south indian coast, between sri lanka and india, which produced one of the finest pearls known in the ancient world.
Featured texts all books all texts latest this just in smithsonian libraries fedlink us genealogy lincoln collection. This period saw the rise of seven prime lord emperors ellarkku nayanar lord of all of pandyan, who ruled the kingdom alongside pandyan princes. The new entrant in this genre, gods, kings and slaves. The pandyas excelled in both trade and literature before the christian era. A major south indian kingdom the pandyan dynasty was one of the three major dynasties that ruled over tamilnadu in ancient times. During their history, the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas and finally the muslim invaders from the delhi sultanate. During 1011, the delhi sultanate ruler alauddin khalji sent an army led by malik kafur to the southernmost kingdoms of india.
The unusually large number of records of this family that have come to light help to reconstruct their political history with some degree of certainty. A work of history on the pandyas who ruled southern tamilnadu until 16th century. Almost the entire consignment of elephants and horses of pandyan kingdom were negotiated to spare the meenakshi temple and to free vira pandyan s brother sundara pandyan. First before going into the discussion of the relationship between pandya and alupa dynasty.
He ascended the throne after defeating the clan of kalabhras. Pandyas were one of the three ancient tamil kingdoms chola and chera being the other two who ruled the tamil country from prehistoric times until end of the 15th century. The pandyan dynasty was an ancient tamil dynasty, one of the three tamil dynasties. The pandya kings adopted the fish or a pair of fishes as their family crest. A very good book in this regard would be a history of south india from. The pandyan empire was home to temples including meenakshi amman. The pandyan kingdom from the earliest times to the. During their history pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, cholas, hoysalas and finally the muslim invaders from the delhi sultanate. Recently the th anniversary of the crowning of rajendra chola was celebrated. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Thus the pandyan kingdom gave away practically everything to save their temple. We dont have any document to verify which of these are the. History of tamil nadu, sources of ancient tamil history, economy of ancient tamil country, pandyan dynasty, puli thevar, history of pulicat, early pandyan kingdom, history of kodaikanal, palaiyakkarar, tamil historical novels please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free. During their history the pandyas were repeatedly in conflict with the pallavas, the.
They controlled the pearl fisheries along the south indian coast, between sri lanka and india, which produced some of the finest pearls in the known ancient world. The pandyan kingdom was independent of the mauryan rule of northern india and established friendly ties with the latter marco polo has mentioned the pandyan kingdom as has megasthenes in the world indika and chinese voyager yu huan following an invasion by the delhi sultanate in the 14th century, the kingdom met its end. Kingdoms of south asia indian pandyas the history files. The pandyas grew in strength and expanded their kingdom.
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